ABSTRACT
Background: In India, cataract is the foremost cause of blindness, leading to the mild-to-severe morbidity. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the epidemiologic profile and risk factors of posterior polar cataract/posterior subcapsular cataract. Materials and Methods: A prospective non-comparative observational study involving 50 patients having posterior polar cataracts attending our outpatient department was selected and was questioned about their locality, systemic diseases, ocular disease, and use of steroid in any form which were included in the study. Results: Of the 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 females, most patients were in the age group of 61–70 years. About 66% of the patient belongs to the rural locality. Most of the females were homemaker, 24% were farmer, 8% were shopkeeper, and 6% retired persons while 2% each of electrician, computer programmer, and bus driver. About 48% had bilateral cataracts, 42% (21) were pseudophakic in one eye, and 1% (5) unilateral cataract. About 24% of patients had hypertension, 18% of patients had of asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 16% of patients had diabetes mellitus, 2% of patients had h/o arthritis, 8% had skin disease, 6% had h/o injudicious use of over-the-counter topical drops while 4% of patients of thyroid disease were noted and 34% of patients had h/o steroid use. The most common type of cataract seen Grade I (52%, 26 patients), followed by Grade II (36%, 18 patients), Grade III (8%, 4 patients), and Grade IV (4%, 2 patients). Conclusion: With increasing injudicious use of steroid can result in formation of posterior polar/posterior subcapsular cataract in young age and professional office class workers who are seeking medical help at early stage. An ultrasound should be done to rule out posterior capsular defect if suspected and the patient should be counseled well about the complication prior taking into surgery.
ABSTRACT
Background: Complicated cataracts or secondary cataracts are those cataracts that occurs secondary to other intraocular diseases. There are many causes of complicated cataracts but the most common cause is intraocular inflammation. Aim: To evaluate the clinical patterns of complicated cataracts in patients presenting to the Out–Patient Department of B. P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS). Material and Methods: All patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for complicated cataracts were enrolled from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2016 (18 months). Detailed history and systematic examination along with necessary investigations were done. Results: Ninety two eyes of 69 patients had complicated cataracts. The mean age of presentation was 45.19 years (SD ± 18.1). Twenty four cases (34.8%) were male. The female to male ratio was 1.875:1. Forty six (66.7%) cases had unilateral involvement. The most common clinical pattern of complicated cataract was posterior subcapsular cataract (63, 68.5%). Conclusion: Posterior subcapsular cataract was the most common clinical pattern of complicated cataracts
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To compare the clinical effects of retinal detachment with choroidal detachment(RD/CD)treatment by posterior subcapsular Tenon injection triamcinolone acetonide and intravenous drip of dexamethasone combined vitrectomy.<p>METHODS: Totally 52 cases(52 eyes)of RD/CD patients in our hospital from March 2014 to October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the preoperative intervention methods, the patients were divided into two groups: A group and B group. Group A(27 cases, 27 eyes)received intravenous drip of dexamethasone once a day 3-5d before operation. Group B(25 cases, 25 eyes)received posterior subcapsular Tenon injection triamcinolone acetonide 5d before operation. The intraocular pressure, CD, retinal reattachment, visual acuity and complications were measured before and after the intervention.<p>RESULTS: After intervention, the intraocular pressure of group B was 8.09+3.56mmHg, which was significantly higher than 5.65+2.19mmHg before intervention in group B and 6.25+2.53mmHg after intervention in group A. The difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). After intervention, the CD height of group A and B was 3.98(1.01, 5.34)mm and 0.92(0.03, 3.88)mm, significantly lower than that in group A and B before intervention, which was 5.22(3.14, 6.64)mm and 5.16(3.34, 7.71)mm. CD loci 6.0(3.0, 10.0)and 3.0(0.0, 6.0)were significantly lower than those of 11.0(9.0, 12.0)and 10.0(8.0, 12.0)before intervention. The CD height and the number of CD loci in group B were lower than those in group A(<i>P</i><0.05). From the last follow-up, the success rate of retinal reattachment in groups A and B were 78% and 96%, respectively(<i>P</i>>0.05). At 1, 3mo and the last follow-up, the visual acuity of group A was 1.69±0.79, 1.39±0.72 and 1.38±0.61 better than that of group A before intervention 2.06±0.28. The visual acuity of group B was 1.42±0.66, 1.29±0.56 and 0.97±0.51 better than that of group A before intervention 2.02±0.58. The visual acuity of group B was better than that of group A at the last follow-up, with statistical difference(<i>P</i><0.05). At 1 and 3mo after operation, 4 eyes in group A had high intraocular pressure, which was significantly lower than that of 11 eyes and 12 eyes in group B(<i>P</i><0.05). At the last follow-up, there was still 1 eye with high intraocular pressure in group A and 2 eyes in group B(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: In the treatment of RD/CD, the effect of posterior subcapsular Tenon injection triamcinolone acetonide with vitrectomy is better than that of intravenous drip of dexamethasone combined vitrectomy, the intraocular pressure should be monitored after operation. If high intraocular pressure occurs, appropriate drug control or removal of triamcinolone acetonide from the posterior Tenon capsule is required.
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim was to estimate the Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the various morphological types and clinical stages of Age Related (Senile) Cataract, a common cause of curable blindness, especially in India.Methods: This was a study of estimation of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) in 100 patients of Age Related (Senile) cataract with 80 cases of Senile Cortical type (40 cases of Posterior subcapsular and 40 cases of Mature) and 20 cases of Senile Nuclear type (10 cases of early Grades of I and II and 10 cases of Advanced Grades of III and IV) and in 20 cases of normal controls in the age group of 45 to 70 years.Results: Serum MDA (nmol/ml) values of the Mean with SD were 3.34±0.93 (Range 2.02-4.65) in normal controls, 4.38±1.01 (Range 2.4 - 6.7) in senile cataract, 4.39±1.02 ((Range 2.4-6.7) in Senile Cortical Cataract with 3.82±0.73 (Range 2.4-5.1) in its Posterior Subcapsular stage and 4.96 ± 0.88 (Range 3.3-6.7) in its mature stage and 4.3±0.99 (Range 2.4-6.2) in Senile Nuclear cataract with 3.68±0.66 (Range 2.4-4.7) in its early Grades of I and II and 4.86±0.94 (Range 3.8-6.2) in its Advanced Grades of III and IV.Conclusions: The present study showed a significant increased concentration of Serum MDA in Senile cataract especially in the advanced later clinical stages or grades of maturity than in the earlier clinical stages or grades of immaturity of senile cortical or nuclear compared to normal controls. And there was no statistically significant difference between the morphological types of Age related (Senile) cataract i.e. Cortical Cataract compared to Nuclear Cataract.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cataract is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world, whereas cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is perhaps the most effective surgical procedure in all of medicine. Smaller incision sizes achievable with techniques of Phacoemulsification with insertion of foldable intra ocular lenses or small phaco profile lenses have made postoperative recovery quicker with faster optical and physical rehabilitation of the patient. Aim: Present study was done to know the nature of intra-operative complications in patients undergoing Phacoemulsification and to identify the factors responsible for intra-operative complications during Phacoemulsification and to study the management of the same. Materials and methods: The study was conducted for a period of 1 year. It was prospective study comprised 100 patients who underwent Phacoemulsification. The patients were selected by simple random sampling and were followed up for a period of 6 weeks. Results: Majority of the patients were in the 51 to 60 years age group, females constituted the majority, being 57 in number (57.0%) as compared to males (43.0%). Posterior subcapsular cataract was the most common type of cataract in the present study and was seen in 36 eyes (36%). Preoperative best corrected visual acuity ranged from 6\12 to counting fingers at one meter. 71.0% patients had pre operative best corrected visual acuity of 6/36 or better. Total Phacoemulsification time lasted less than one minute in 33% patients. In majority of the patients (63%), phaco time lasted between one to two minutes. Intra-operative complications occurred in 17.0% of the 100 cases included in the study. The most common complication encountered was difficulty in emulsifying an unexpectedly hard nucleus with conversion to small incision cataract surgery in 4 cases (4%). Incidence of complications seems to increase with increase in grade of the nuclear cataract. Post-operative best Ravinder K, Venu Madhav M, Jeevitha G. A clinical study of intra-operative complications of Phacoemulsification and their management. IAIM, 2016; 3(2): 104-113. Page 105 corrected visual acuity after 6 weeks of follow up was found to be 6/9 or better in 83% of cases and was 6/12 or better in 96% of cases. Conclusion: Good visual outcome obtained with Phacoemulsification and better management facilities available, shows this can be accepted and practiced as a routine for good visual outcome in cataract patients.
ABSTRACT
Cataract is the leading cause of low vision and blindness in the world. Most cataracts are related to aging because the life expectancy of population becomes increased in the world.However, the research ofthe types of cataracts has been studied in Mongolia, it is not investigating correlation between in the types of cataracts and the result of biochemistry, therefore it was the background of our research. To determine the correlation among the mongolians aged 50 and older for compare some biochemical results of blood and types of the senile cataract.Total 80 patients with cataract and aged over 50 were case-based selected for the study from November 2010 to November 2011 at the Department of Ophthalmology ofFirstCentral Hospital of Mongolia. There had been collected according to the questionnaire of risks, and records of biochemical examination. Eye examinations had been performed lenses evaluated with the biomicroscope and determined the lens opacities rightly to Lens Opacities Classification Systems-III (LOCS III, the international standard classification). And we used SPSS 16.0, The mean age of all participants was 70 (±9.36) years and 56.2% were female, 43.8% males. The study shows that cataract types: nuclear was 48.8%, cortical 10%, posterior subcapsular (PSC) 41.2%. The hypertriglyceridemia (≥2.26 mmol/L) was associated with PSC (p = 0.025). There was no statistically significant association between blood glucose and cholesterol level and senile cataract. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of senile cataracts in Mongolia. It was same that hypertriglyceridemia was related to PSC developing in comparison of some studies, which conducted in some nations.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore whether low-dose occupational ionizing radiation exposure can affect the prevalence of lens opacity.Methods Annual occupational health checkup data of 1 007 radiation workers was taken from a provincial medical institution for the purpose of statistical analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate occupational exposure odds ratios (OR) of lens opacity,adjusted for age,gender and length of service.Eye lens opacity was grouped into cortical,nuclear and posterior subcapsular opacity according to the position of the opacity occurrence site.Opacity occurred in any one of the both eye lens was recorded as turbidity.Results Only 730 cases coupled with complete information could be used in the statistical analysis.The rate of lens opacity for all the radiation workers was 10.27％.The rates of lens opacity by exposure group were estimated to be 9.07％ for radiation diagnosis and therapy group,11.11％ for intervention group,18.18％ for nuclear medicine group,and 9.33％ for industrial application group,respectively.Compared with those in the radiation diagnosis and therapy group,the workers engaged in intervention medicine,or nuclear medicine,were more likely to suffer from the lens opacity in posterior subcapsular position.The OR and its 95％ confidence intervals were 3.00 (1.23-7.33),4.12 (1.68-10.11) for the workers in intervention medicine or nuclear medicine group.Conclusions Medical radiation workers,who were exposed to long-term low-dose of ionizing radiation,especially those who engaged in intervention or nuclear medicine,were at significantly higher risk to develop lens opacity.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term characteristics of cataracts among adults aged 30 to 49 years in Korean over a span of 10 years. METHODS: Subjects between the ages of 30 to 49 years who underwent cataract surgery at St. Mary's Hospital from 1995 to 2004 (n = 976) were included. Patients with a history of ocular trauma, uveitis, other ocular or systemic diseases, and congenital cataracts were excluded. Additional information including type of lens opacity, urban/rural region, and pre- and postoperative visual acuities were analyzed. Lens opacity grading was conducted using Lens Opacity Classification System III. The Cochran-Armitage proportion trend test was used to analyze vision changes with the passage of time. RESULTS: Among the patients who had undergone cataract surgeries, 8.8% (976 / 11,111) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 41.7 +/- 5.45 years. Gender breakdown of the patient population included 79.0% male and 21.0% female. In terms of home environment, 60.9% were from an urban region and 39.1% from a rural region. Opacity type included anterior polar (AP), posterior subcapsular (PSC), AP and PSC, cortical, and nuclear in 35.7%, 35.1%, 7.0%, 6.0%, and 5.4% of patients, respectively. At a 2-month postoperative follow-up appointment, 92.7% of patients showed a best-corrected visual acuity of more than 20 / 40. CONCLUSIONS: Predominance of AP and PSC opacities as well as male patients was observed in this study population.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Cataract/epidemiology , Cataract Extraction , Forecasting , Incidence , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/pathology , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
We report a case of a 16-year-old girl, who was struck by lightning, and experienced blurred vision in the right eye (RE) immediately following the episode. She reported for ophthalmic evaluation two months later. Examination revealed relative afferent pupillary defect in the RE. Posterior subcapsular cataract was noted in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed macular holes and multiple areas of RPE hyperpigmentation in the periphery in both eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed increased choroidal transmission with early fluorescence and late fading in the foveal region and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stippling in the periphery in both eyes. This is the first case report of such nature in India to the best of our knowledge.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Eye Burns/complications , Eye Burns/diagnosis , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Fovea Centralis/injuries , Fovea Centralis/pathology , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Lightning Injuries/complications , Retinal Perforations/diagnosis , Retinal Perforations/etiology , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/injuries , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathologyABSTRACT
The epidemiological study to evaluate the risk factors and types of cataract was performed in 183 cataract patients who received cataract operation in Chung-Ang University Hospital and in 80 control patients from March 1992 to Febraury 1994. Our study revealed that the sun light exposure and smoking were related to nuclear opacity, and drinking and smoking were related to cortical opacity. Also anterior subcortical opacity was more common in patients with heart disease. And the long term use of steroid and patient with diabetes mellitus were risk factors of posterior subcapsular opacity cataractogenesis. In this study we could confirm some risk factors were closely related to the type of lens opacity.